Thin thighs – maybe not your heart’s desire

People who have agonized over their fat thighs might be able to relax a bit — Danish doctors said on Thursday they found patients with the thinnest thighs died sooner than the more endowed.

Obesity, age, smoking and other factors did not reduce the effect, the researchers reported in the British Medical Journal.

“Our results suggest that there might be an increased risk of premature death related to thigh size,” Berit Heitmann of Copenhagen University Hospital and Peder Frederiksen of Glostrup University Hospital wrote.

The explanation may lie in many different studies that suggest where you gain your weight is a strong factor in how it affects health. People with lots of abdominal fat — wrapped in and around the internal organs — appear to be at higher risk of heart disease, diabetes, and other ills.

So-called pear-shaped people may have lower risks, even if they have more body fat overall.

Heitmann and Frederiksen studied 1,436 men and 1,380 women taking part in a larger medical research study who were examined in 1987 and 1988, then watched them for more than 12 years.

Men and women whose thighs were less than 24 inches in circumference were more likely to die during those 12 years, they found.

Those with the thinnest thighs — less than 18 inches — were more than twice likely to have died within 12 years, they reported in the study, published here

Dozens of studies have shown waist size can also be a good predictor of heart disease and death.

Women with a waist circumference of greater than 35 inches and men whose waists are more than 40 inches have a much higher risk of heart disease, diabetes and early death than people with smaller waists — regardless of how much body fat they have overall.

This is again linked to abdominal fat. Fat laid down under the skin, as when it is found on the legs, may be healthier for the body, although the mechanism is unclear.

The Danish team said they hoped thigh measurements might be an equally good indicator. But Dr. Ian Scott of Princess Alexandra Hospital in Brisbane, Australia, disagreed, saying the statistics in the Danish study were too limited.

He said larger studies would need to be done before doctors could decide that thigh measurement was any kind of good predictor of health.

“It seems unlikely that thigh circumference will be clinically useful,” Scott wrote in a commentary.

Tim Olds, a professor of Health Sciences at the University of South Australia, saw some value in the study, however.

“This is a very interesting line of research, because it would suggest that interventions which protect or increase muscle mass (such as weight training) may be effective in reducing cardiovascular disease even if no loss of body fat occurs,” Olds said in a statement.

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The robot is a dramatic example of the marriage of biotechnology with nanotechnology

Tiny robots powered by living muscle have been created by scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles.

The devices were formed by “growing” rat cells on microscopic silicon chips, the researchers report in the journal Nature Materials.

Less than a millimetre long, the miniscule robots can move themselves without any external source of power.

The work is a dramatic example of the marriage of biotechnology with the tiny world of nanotechnology.

In nanotechnology, researchers often turn to the natural world for inspiration.

But Professor Carlo Montemagno, of the University of California, Los Angeles, turns to nature not for ideas, but for actual starting materials.

In the past he has made rotary nano-motors out of genetically engineered proteins. Now he has grown muscle tissue onto tiny robotic skeletons.

Living device

Montemano’s team used rat heart cells to create a tiny device that moves on its own when the cells contract. A second device looks like a minute pair of frog legs.

“The bones that we’re using are either a plastic or they’re silicon based,” he said. “So we make these really fine structures that mechanically have hinges that allow them to move and bend.

“And then by nano-scale manipulation of the surface chemistry, the muscle cells get the cues to say, ‘Oh! I want to attach at this point and not to attach at another point’. And so the cells assemble, then they undergo a change, so that they actually form a muscle.

“Now you have a device that has a skeleton and muscles on it to allow it to move.”

Under a microscope, you can see the tiny, two-footed “bio-bots” crawl around.

Professor Montemagno says muscles like these could be used in a host of microscopic devices – even to drive miniature electrical generators to power computer chips.

But when biological cells become attached to silicon – are they alive?

“They’re absolutely alive,” Professor Montemagno told BBC News. “I mean the cells actually grow, multiply and assemble – they form the structure themselves. So the device is alive.”

The notion is likely to disturb many who already have concerns about nanotechnology.

But for Carlo Montemagno, a professor of engineering, it makes sense to match the solutions that nature has already found through billions of years of evolution to the newest challenges in technology.

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Thin thighs – maybe not your heart’s desire

Thin thighs – maybe not your heart’s desire

Healthy Fat Loss

Living robots powered by muscle