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Fitness ‘lowers breast cancer risk’

Fitness ‘lowers breast cancer risk’

Women who stay fit and physically active after the menopause can significantly reduce their risk of breast cancer, a study has shown.

But they have to work hard to get the benefit, spending more than seven hours a week taking “moderate-to-vigorous” exercise, say scientists.

“Light intensity” activities such as bowling, table tennis, fishing, slow walking and light gardening did not have the same effect. And no amount of exercise appeared to protect younger women during their fertile years.

Examples of “moderate-to-vigorous” activity given by the scientists included tennis, biking, swimming, weight-lifting, cheerleading, hiking, fast-walking, jogging and heavy housework and gardening.

Previous studies have linked physical activity and protection against breast cancer. But this was one of the first to look at the importance of different kinds of exercise at various stages of life.

Researchers asked more than 110,000 post-menopausal women to rate their activity levels at ages 15 to 18, 19 to 29, 35 to 39, and in the past 10 years.

Over a 6.6-year follow-up period, it was found that women in the last group who had done more than seven hours a week of moderate-to-vigorous exercise were 16% less likely to develop breast cancer than inactive women.

No link was seen between reduced breast cancer risk and physical activity at younger ages.

Light intensity exercise at any stage of life had no effect on the chances of developing breast cancer.

Breast cancer affects around 45,500 women each year in the UK and causes more than 12,400 deaths. An estimated one in nine women will suffer from the disease at some time in their life.

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More women having a healthy breast removed

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More women having a healthy breast removed

A small but growing number of women with breast cancer are choosing to have the unaffected breast removed in an effort to prevent a recurrence, researchers reported Monday.

Using data from New York State hospitals, the researchers found that between 1995 and 2005, the prevalence of preventive mastectomy among women with a history of cancer in one breast more than doubled.

The procedure was performed in about 2 percent of all women diagnosed with breast cancer in 1995 and 1996 — rising to just over 4 percent by 2005.

In contrast, there was only a small increase in preventive mastectomies among women who had no personal history of breast cancer but were considered at risk because of a strong family history of the disease.

The findings suggest that while the number of preventive mastectomies performed each year in New York was small, the procedure is becoming more common, the researchers report in the journal Cancer.

The more marked increase among women with a history of breast cancer raises some concerns, senior researcher Dr. Stephen B. Edge, of the Roswell Park Cancer Institute in Buffalo, told Reuters Health.

The central issue, he explained, is that there is no evidence that removing the unaffected breast improves long-term survival.

While preventive mastectomy likely cuts the chances of cancer developing in the second breast, the ultimate impact on survival is a more complicated matter.

Edge noted that among women who are not at high genetic risk of breast cancer — about 95 percent of all breast cancer patients — the odds of developing cancer in the second breast are between 10 percent and 20 percent over 20 to 30 years.

So in deciding whether to have a preventive mastectomy, women need to consider the uncertain long-term benefits and the risk of complications — which include bleeding, infection and nerve damage.

“Women need to be carefully counseled on the issues of the risks of developing a second cancer, and the largely minimal or no impact this may have on their survival,” Edge said.

The study findings are based on data from hospital discharge records and the New York State cancer registry. Of the nearly 70,000 women who underwent mastectomies between 1995 and 2005, 9 percent — 6,275 women — had one for preventive reasons.

Of women having a preventive mastectomy, 81 percent had a history of breast cancer. The number of these procedures rose from 295 in 1995 to 683 in 2005.

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Health reform moves to close U.S. Medicare drug gap

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Health reform moves to close U.S. Medicare drug gap

Democratic leaders moved on Friday to build support among the elderly for a massive overhaul of the U.S. healthcare system, saying the measure would immediately start closing a gap in Medicare prescription drug coverage.

The coverage gap, the so-called doughnut hole, occurs after a certain amount of money is spent. This year that level is $2,700 of which $896 is out of pocket expenses by the beneficiary. Coverage begins again once drug costs reach $6,154.

Speaker Nancy Pelosi said the healthcare reform bill being considered by the House of Representatives would reduce the that doughnut hole and lower the cost of medicine for as many as 4 million elderly next year.

“As of January 1, 2010, our legislation will give a 50 percent discount for brand-name drugs to recipients in the doughnut hole, and it will reduce the size of the doughnut hole by $500,” Pelosi said.

An earlier version of the bill would have started closing the doughnut hole beginning in January 2011.

House Democratic leaders are working to merge three healthcare reform bills approved by committees into a single bill that can pass the House and give President Barack Obama a major victory on a top domestic priority.

The emerging bill would also gradually eliminate the gap in prescription drug coverage in 10 years. The earlier version of the bill would have eliminated the gap in 15 years.

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