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Fitness ‘lowers breast cancer risk’

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Fitness ‘lowers breast cancer risk’

Women who stay fit and physically active after the menopause can significantly reduce their risk of breast cancer, a study has shown.

But they have to work hard to get the benefit, spending more than seven hours a week taking “moderate-to-vigorous” exercise, say scientists.

“Light intensity” activities such as bowling, table tennis, fishing, slow walking and light gardening did not have the same effect. And no amount of exercise appeared to protect younger women during their fertile years.

Examples of “moderate-to-vigorous” activity given by the scientists included tennis, biking, swimming, weight-lifting, cheerleading, hiking, fast-walking, jogging and heavy housework and gardening.

Previous studies have linked physical activity and protection against breast cancer. But this was one of the first to look at the importance of different kinds of exercise at various stages of life.

Researchers asked more than 110,000 post-menopausal women to rate their activity levels at ages 15 to 18, 19 to 29, 35 to 39, and in the past 10 years.

Over a 6.6-year follow-up period, it was found that women in the last group who had done more than seven hours a week of moderate-to-vigorous exercise were 16% less likely to develop breast cancer than inactive women.

No link was seen between reduced breast cancer risk and physical activity at younger ages.

Light intensity exercise at any stage of life had no effect on the chances of developing breast cancer.

Breast cancer affects around 45,500 women each year in the UK and causes more than 12,400 deaths. An estimated one in nine women will suffer from the disease at some time in their life.

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For Heart Health, Focus on Risk Factors

For Heart Health, Focus on Risk Factors

Treating multiple factors that contribute to heart attack risk is better than simply focusing on lowering a patient’s cholesterol level, according to U.S. researchers.

“We’ve been worrying too much about people’s cholesterol level and not enough about their overall risk of heart disease,” Dr. Rodney A. Hayward, director of the Veterans Affairs Center for Health Services Research and Development, and a professor of internal medicine at the University of Michigan Medical School, said in a news release.

Levels of harmful LDL cholesterol should be less than 130 for most people and less than 70 for high-risk patients, according to the National Cholesterol Education Program.

In their study, Hayward and his colleagues analyzed data from Americans, aged 30 to 75, with no history of heart attack, who took part in clinical trials of cholesterol-lowering statin drugs. The researchers evaluated the benefit of five years of treatment tailored to a patient’s overall heart attack risk based on factors such as age, family history, diabetes, high blood pressure, smoking status and C-reactive protein level.

The results showed that the tailored treatment was more efficient (more benefit per person treated) and prevented substantially more heart attacks, strokes and cardiovascular deaths than simply reducing cholesterol to a certain target. The tailored treatment saved 500,000 more quality-adjusted life years than cholesterol-focused therapy, the researchers said.

“The bottom line message — knowing your overall heart attack risk is more important than knowing your cholesterol level. If your overall risk is elevated, you should probably be on a statin regardless of what your cholesterol is, and if your risk is very high, [you] should probably be on a high dose of statin,” Hayward said in the news release.

“However, if your LDL cholesterol is high, but your overall cardiac risk is low, taking a statin does not make sense for you. If your cholesterol is your only risk factor and you’re younger, you should work on diet and exercise,” he added.

The study was published online Jan. 18 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
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If you smoke, watch out for low back pain

If you smoke, watch out for low back pain

If you needed another reason to cut the cigarette habit: Smokers, especially younger smokers, are more likely to report low back pain than people who have never smoked, according to a new analysis.

After examining existing research, Finnish researchers concluded smoking is “modestly” associated with the risk of low back pain and the effects may be “at least partly reversible.” Their findings are published in the January issue of the American Journal of Medicine.

Dr. Rahman Shiri of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health and colleagues wanted to know if smoking increases the risk of low back pain, a problem that affects an estimated 8 in 10 adults during some point in their lives.

Previous analysis of the existing research came to different conclusions, with one study suggesting an association between smoking and low back pain and the other reporting “unclear findings.”

The Finnish researchers identified and reviewed 81 studies from around the world involving smokers, former smokers, or never-smokers and low back pain conducted between 1966 and 2009. Of those, 40 studies involving more than 300,000 adults and adolescents met the standards for the analysis.

The Finnish team subjected the data of the individual studies to further statistical analysis to tease out the strength of relationships even as the studies reported various outcomes.

They determined that even though the data did not prove smoking leads to low back pain, the analysis of previous the literature suggested a “fairly modest” association between smoking and low back pain.

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