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Breast defence

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Breast defence

Some women have specific genetic problems but those breast cancers number less than 10% of all. One expert recently told me that breast cancer causes are “multifactorial” and that the combination of lifestyle factors and genetic vulnerabilities that accounts for the abnormal growth of cells is still being figured out.

That means that most of the 22,700 Canadian women (and 180 men) expected to be diagnosed this year won’t even know what caused their illness. Neither will the 5,400 women who die from it. Sometimes we forget just how many different factors may contribute to breast cancer’s development. Here’s what’s known:

ESTROGEN

The more estrogen a woman makes over time or takes through post-menopausal combined hormone replacement therapy, the higher her risk for getting breast cancer. The more years a woman menstruates, the longer breast tissue is estrogen-exposed. Birth control pills only slightly increase risk.

AGE

The chance of getting breast cancer increases as a woman ages. According to Dr. Love, from 20 to 30 the risk is one in 2,000; from 40 to 49 the risk is one in 68; from 60 to 69 the risk is one in 26. After the age of 70, a woman has a one-in-eight chance of getting breast cancer.

ALCOHOL

The risk of breast cancer jumped by 30% in women who drank more than three drinks daily.

FAMILY HISTORY

Having a mother, sister or daughter with breast cancer almost doubles a woman’s risk, particularly if the relative was diagnosed before age 50. A family history of ovarian cancer also increases the risk of developing breast cancer.

RADIATION

Radiation therapy for a previous cancer heightens the risk of breast cancer. The risk is highest if there was chest radiation during puberty.

OBESITY

Post-menopausal women who are obese are more at risk; fat cells play a role in estrogen production so being overweight adds to risky estrogen exposure.

GENETIC MUTATIONS

Those who have inherited changes in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have a higher risk (some up to 90%) of getting the disease, and possibly at a younger age. Many other genes are also associated with breast cancer, including the HER-2/neu oncogene.

ENVIRONMENT

We’re exposed to vast amounts of hormone-mimicking and cell-interrupting chemicals in products we use and through environmental pollutants, some of which increases the risk of breast cancer.

BREAST DENSITY

Dense breast tissue, as shown on a mammogram, increases your risk. One study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that the relative risk of developing breast cancer in post-menopausal women with dense breasts was 400% higher than in women with fatty non-dense breasts.

BREAST DISEASE

Some diseases, including hyperplasia, can increase breast cancer risk by up to four-fold.

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Senate panel backs healthcare reform

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Senate panel backs healthcare reform

A key U.S. Senate committee endorsed a sweeping healthcare overhaul on Tuesday, gaining the support of an influential Republican and delivering President Barack Obama a victory on his top domestic priority.

The Democratic-controlled Senate Finance Committee approved the measure on a 14-9 vote, with Senator Olympia Snowe becoming the first Republican in Congress to back a healthcare reform bill.

“Today we reached a critical milestone in our effort to reform our healthcare system,” Obama said after the vote, warning there were still big challenges ahead for healthcare reform.

The bill, the last of five pending health measures to clear a committee in Congress, will be merged with the Senate health panel’s version in the next few weeks for a full Senate debate and floor votes.

Snowe, who had been courted by Obama and his fellow Democrats, said she still had reservations about the overhaul and could not guarantee her continued support as it advances.

“My vote today is my vote today. It doesn’t forecast what my vote will be tomorrow,” Snowe said.

Health insurer companies stocks fell on fears reform was gaining steam and would hurt profits if it passed. The S&P Managed Health Care index of large health insurers was down 1.9 percent.

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Canada bans fruit-flavored cigarettes

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Canada bans fruit-flavored cigarettes

Canada has banned the manufacture, importation and sale of most flavored cigarettes and small cigars, which have been slammed as little more than an enticement to get children to start smoking.

The law, which came into effect on Thursday, was backed by both government and opposition lawmakers. It also bans tobacco advertising in newspapers and magazines, closing a loophole that had allowed ads in publications that claimed they were read only by adults.

Anti-smoking groups said fruit-flavored cigarettes were marketed like candy to lure young smokers, but the industry complained the law was too broad and would unfairly restrict importation of U.S.-grown burley tobacco.

Lawmakers in U.S. tobacco-growing states have complained the law will cost U.S. jobs, and a U.S. Senator has been blocking the appointment of a White House trade official in a bid to make the Obama administration put pressure on Canada.

Anti-smoking groups say the jobs complaint is unfounded since Canada did not import any U.S.-grown burley tobacco in 2007 and 2008, and “American-style” cigarettes make up less than 1 percent of the Canadian market.

“The trade argument was invented out of thin air,” said Rob Cunningham of the Canadian Cancer Society.

The Canadian ban is more sweeping than one imposed last month by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration because it also includes small cigars. Nether ban includes menthol-flavored cigarettes.

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