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U.S. pre-term babies die despite medical care: study

U.S. pre-term babies die despite medical care: study

Very early pre-term babies kept alive with ventilators, chest tubes and drugs to support the heart may live a little longer than they did 10 years ago, but are just as likely to die before ever going home, U.S. researchers reported on Monday.

Their study suggests the emotionally taxing and expensive care given these tiny newborns, delivered at 22 to 24 weeks gestation, does not in the end save their lives. Babies born at 22 weeks included in the study all died as infants, regardless of care.

“This is a very difficult ethical dilemma for everyone involved,” Pamela Donohue of Johns Hopkins Childrens Center in Baltimore, who led the study, said in a telephone interview.

Most pregnancies last about 40 weeks, and babies born earlier than 37 weeks of pregnancy are considered premature.

Donohue’s team studied 160 women who gave birth at 22-24 weeks during separate two-year periods — 1993-1995 and 2001-2003.

Those who gave birth during the current decade were more likely to receive higher-level care around the time of delivery, including sonograms, antibiotics and steroids to help with fetal lung development.

After birth, their children were more likely to be put on ventilators, drugs to boost heart and blood pressure rates and to have chest tubes inserted.

Infants born in 2001-2003 lived longer on average — seven days, compared to two days in the 1990s.

But mortality rates did not fall, and the researchers urged greater discussion and further study both on intervention and the degree of suffering imposed on children, their families and healthcare providers.

“This is a very difficult ethical dilemma for everyone involved,” Pamela Donohue of Johns Hopkins Childrens Center in Baltimore, who led the study, said in a telephone interview.

Most pregnancies last about 40 weeks, and babies born earlier than 37 weeks of pregnancy are considered premature.

Donohue’s team studied 160 women who gave birth at 22-24 weeks during separate two-year periods — 1993-1995 and 2001-2003.

After birth, their children were more likely to be put on ventilators, drugs to boost heart and blood pressure rates and to have chest tubes inserted.

Infants born in 2001-2003 lived longer on average — seven days, compared to two days in the 1990s.

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Vaccine raises hope for cocaine addiction therapy

July 3, 2012Uncategorizedaddiction therapy, and, archives of general psychiatry, aVaccine raises, aVaccine raises Asia, aVaccine raises Health History, aVaccine raises Gallery, aVaccine raises Photo Gallery, aVaccine raises for Weight gallery, aVaccine raises Health information, aVaccine raises Health Latest, aVaccine raises Health Photo, aVaccine raises Picture, aVaccine raises Video, aVaccine raises Web, aVaccine raisesfor Weight Health photo, aVaccine raisesHealth, aVaccine raisesHealth Information, aVaccine raisesHealth Latest, aVaccine raisesover Picture, aVaccine raisesvideo, baylor college of medicine, baylor college of medicine in houston, baylor college of medicine in houston texas, beating, bf1, blister, bloodstream, body, calories, Cancer, cholera toxin, cholinesterase, Choreography for Weight Health Story, cocaine addiction, cocaine antibodies, cocaine users, college of medicine, crack cocaine, diet, dr thomas, Drug, eating, Exercise, five shots, Flu, for, gallery, Gym, Health Health, health video, healthcare system, history, immune, immune system, in, is, laparoscopy, Malaysia Health, medical, methadone, million, molecules, new approach, Nutrition, of, on, operation, organic, photo, physical, researchers, skin, spiritual, study, Surgery, symptoms, thomas kosten, tips, to, training, treatment, vaccine, veterans affairs, video, video photo, video surgery, virus, web, web Health, web Health picture, weight health, weightlossazuan

Vaccine raises hope for cocaine addiction therapy

A vaccine helped block the high felt by cocaine users in 38 percent of people who took it, U.S. researchers said on Monday, offering promise of a new approach to treating those addicted to the drug.

The aim is to prevent cocaine’s rewarding effects — the high — in order to reduce cravings that trigger drug relapses.

“The concept works,” Dr. Thomas Kosten of Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, whose study appears in the Archives of General Psychiatry, said in a statement.

Cocaine molecules on their own are too small to draw the attention of the immune system. To get the body to recognize cocaine, the researchers designed a vaccine that uses a harmless version of the cholera toxin with a few attached cocaine molecules.

When the immune system reacts to the toxin, it makes both cholera and cocaine antibodies.

“These antibodies bind to the cocaine, preventing it from leaving the bloodstream,” Kosten said. An enzyme called cholinesterase breaks down the cocaine and flushes it out of the body.

For the study, Kosten and colleagues studied 94 volunteers — mostly users of crack cocaine, which is a solid, smokable form of the drug — who were on methadone treatment at the Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System.

Over three months, the participants either got five shots of the vaccine or a placebo injection.

STUDY PLANS

Plans are under way to study the vaccine in many sites.

According to a 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 35.9 million Americans aged 12 and older reported having used cocaine, and 8.6 million reported having used crack. In 2006, cocaine accounted for about 14 percent of all admissions to drug abuse treatment programs.

Kosten said he plans to tinker with the vaccine to make it more effective. He has already tried a different carrier — a modified version of a meningitis bacterium — supplied by drug firm Merck & Co.

Animal studies showed it produced five times the antibody response as the cholera carrier.

He has used a similar approach on a nicotine vaccine called TA-NIC now being tested in Europe. Both the cocaine and nicotine vaccines are being developed through private equity firm Celtic Pharma.

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Half of babies born in rich world will live to 100

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Half of babies born in rich world will live to 100

More than half of babies born in rich nations today will live to be 100 years old if current life expectancy trends continue, according to Danish researchers.

Increasing numbers of very old people could pose major challenges for health and social systems, but the research showed that may be mitigated by people not only living longer, but also staying healthier in their latter years.

“Very long lives are not the distant privilege of remote future generations — very long lives are the probable destiny of most people alive now in developed countries,” Kaare Christensen of the Danish Aging Research Center wrote on Friday in a study in the Lancet medical journal.

The study used Germany as a case study and showed that by 2050, its population will be substantially older and smaller than now — a situation it said was now typical of rich nations.

This means smaller workforces in rich nations will have to shoulder an ever-greater burden of ballooning pension and healthcare requirements of the old.

Many governments in developed nations are already making moves toward raising the typical age of retirement to try to cope with aging populations.

The researchers said this was an important strategy, and added that if part-time work was considered for more of the workforce, that could have yet more benefits.

“If people in their 60s and early 70s worked much more than they do nowadays, then most people could work fewer hours per week,” they wrote. “Preliminary evidence suggests that shortened working weeks over extended working lives might further contribute to increases in life expectancy and health.”

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