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Antioxidants may raise diabetes risk: study

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Antioxidants may raise diabetes risk: study

Instead of protecting against diabetes, antioxidants — compounds in foods and supplements that prevent cell damage — may actually increase the chances of getting diabetes, at least in the early stages, Australian researchers reported on Tuesday.

“In the case of early type 2 diabetes … our studies suggest that antioxidants would be bad for you,” Tony Tiganis of Monash University in Australia, whose study appears in the journal Cell Metabolism, said in a statement.

Antioxidants are protective proteins that can prevent cell damage caused by charged particles known as reactive oxygen species. This oxidative stress is thought to add to the progression of several diseases, including type 2 diabetes.

Because antioxidants fight oxidative stress, they have become a popular food supplement. But Tiganis said the picture appears to be a bit more complicated.

“We think there is a delicate balance, and that too much of a good thing — surprise, surprise — might be bad,” he said.

Tiganis’ team studied the effects of oxidative stress in mice fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. One group of mice lacked an enzyme known as Gpxl, which helps counter oxidative stress.

They found mice that lacked the enzyme were less likely to develop insulin resistance — an early sign of diabetes — than normal mice. But when they treated the enzyme-deficient mice with an antioxidant, “they lost this advantage and become more ‘diabetic,” Tiganis said in an e-mail.

He said oxidative stress may be working not to damage the body but to inhibit enzymes that hurt the body’s ability to use insulin early on in the development of diabetes, and that antioxidants remove this protective mechanism.

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U.S. pre-term babies die despite medical care: study

U.S. pre-term babies die despite medical care: study

Very early pre-term babies kept alive with ventilators, chest tubes and drugs to support the heart may live a little longer than they did 10 years ago, but are just as likely to die before ever going home, U.S. researchers reported on Monday.

Their study suggests the emotionally taxing and expensive care given these tiny newborns, delivered at 22 to 24 weeks gestation, does not in the end save their lives. Babies born at 22 weeks included in the study all died as infants, regardless of care.

“This is a very difficult ethical dilemma for everyone involved,” Pamela Donohue of Johns Hopkins Childrens Center in Baltimore, who led the study, said in a telephone interview.

Most pregnancies last about 40 weeks, and babies born earlier than 37 weeks of pregnancy are considered premature.

Donohue’s team studied 160 women who gave birth at 22-24 weeks during separate two-year periods — 1993-1995 and 2001-2003.

Those who gave birth during the current decade were more likely to receive higher-level care around the time of delivery, including sonograms, antibiotics and steroids to help with fetal lung development.

After birth, their children were more likely to be put on ventilators, drugs to boost heart and blood pressure rates and to have chest tubes inserted.

Infants born in 2001-2003 lived longer on average — seven days, compared to two days in the 1990s.

But mortality rates did not fall, and the researchers urged greater discussion and further study both on intervention and the degree of suffering imposed on children, their families and healthcare providers.

“This is a very difficult ethical dilemma for everyone involved,” Pamela Donohue of Johns Hopkins Childrens Center in Baltimore, who led the study, said in a telephone interview.

Most pregnancies last about 40 weeks, and babies born earlier than 37 weeks of pregnancy are considered premature.

Donohue’s team studied 160 women who gave birth at 22-24 weeks during separate two-year periods — 1993-1995 and 2001-2003.

After birth, their children were more likely to be put on ventilators, drugs to boost heart and blood pressure rates and to have chest tubes inserted.

Infants born in 2001-2003 lived longer on average — seven days, compared to two days in the 1990s.

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Vaccine raises hope for cocaine addiction therapy

July 3, 2012Uncategorizedaddiction therapy, and, archives of general psychiatry, aVaccine raises, aVaccine raises Asia, aVaccine raises Health History, aVaccine raises Gallery, aVaccine raises Photo Gallery, aVaccine raises for Weight gallery, aVaccine raises Health information, aVaccine raises Health Latest, aVaccine raises Health Photo, aVaccine raises Picture, aVaccine raises Video, aVaccine raises Web, aVaccine raisesfor Weight Health photo, aVaccine raisesHealth, aVaccine raisesHealth Information, aVaccine raisesHealth Latest, aVaccine raisesover Picture, aVaccine raisesvideo, baylor college of medicine, baylor college of medicine in houston, baylor college of medicine in houston texas, beating, bf1, blister, bloodstream, body, calories, Cancer, cholera toxin, cholinesterase, Choreography for Weight Health Story, cocaine addiction, cocaine antibodies, cocaine users, college of medicine, crack cocaine, diet, dr thomas, Drug, eating, Exercise, five shots, Flu, for, gallery, Gym, Health Health, health video, healthcare system, history, immune, immune system, in, is, laparoscopy, Malaysia Health, medical, methadone, million, molecules, new approach, Nutrition, of, on, operation, organic, photo, physical, researchers, skin, spiritual, study, Surgery, symptoms, thomas kosten, tips, to, training, treatment, vaccine, veterans affairs, video, video photo, video surgery, virus, web, web Health, web Health picture, weight health, weightlossazuan

Vaccine raises hope for cocaine addiction therapy

A vaccine helped block the high felt by cocaine users in 38 percent of people who took it, U.S. researchers said on Monday, offering promise of a new approach to treating those addicted to the drug.

The aim is to prevent cocaine’s rewarding effects — the high — in order to reduce cravings that trigger drug relapses.

“The concept works,” Dr. Thomas Kosten of Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, whose study appears in the Archives of General Psychiatry, said in a statement.

Cocaine molecules on their own are too small to draw the attention of the immune system. To get the body to recognize cocaine, the researchers designed a vaccine that uses a harmless version of the cholera toxin with a few attached cocaine molecules.

When the immune system reacts to the toxin, it makes both cholera and cocaine antibodies.

“These antibodies bind to the cocaine, preventing it from leaving the bloodstream,” Kosten said. An enzyme called cholinesterase breaks down the cocaine and flushes it out of the body.

For the study, Kosten and colleagues studied 94 volunteers — mostly users of crack cocaine, which is a solid, smokable form of the drug — who were on methadone treatment at the Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System.

Over three months, the participants either got five shots of the vaccine or a placebo injection.

STUDY PLANS

Plans are under way to study the vaccine in many sites.

According to a 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 35.9 million Americans aged 12 and older reported having used cocaine, and 8.6 million reported having used crack. In 2006, cocaine accounted for about 14 percent of all admissions to drug abuse treatment programs.

Kosten said he plans to tinker with the vaccine to make it more effective. He has already tried a different carrier — a modified version of a meningitis bacterium — supplied by drug firm Merck & Co.

Animal studies showed it produced five times the antibody response as the cholera carrier.

He has used a similar approach on a nicotine vaccine called TA-NIC now being tested in Europe. Both the cocaine and nicotine vaccines are being developed through private equity firm Celtic Pharma.

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