Tag Archives: health

Healthier U.S. school meals boost costs: study

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Healthier U.S. school meals boost costs: study

Improving nutritional value of U.S. school food programs by increasing servings of fruits, vegetables and whole grains could increase the cost of breakfast by as much as 25 percent and lunch by 9 percent, according to a report released on Tuesday.

A report from the Institute of Medicine, an arm of the National Academies, proposed updating school meal programs to meet nutritional needs and foster better eating habits, but recognized healthier, fresher ingredients would boost costs, especially at breakfast where fruit servings would increase.

“It will cost a little more,” Virginia Stallings, a professor at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and chair of the group that conducted the study, said in an interview.

“But this will be a very wise investment in children’s health,” she added.

Most school food providers would need more government money to help pay for food, training and equipment, the report said.

The Institute of Medicine conducted the review of the country’s school breakfast and lunch programs at the request of the U.S. Agriculture Department, which oversees them. School meal programs provide 40 million meals daily and more than half of students’ food and nutrient intake during the school day.

Child nutrition programs, which cost about $21 billion a year, are due for reauthorization this year but Congress is not expected to approve an overhaul for some time.

Officials at the USDA are updating the nutrition and meal requirements used for school breakfast and lunch programs, and looked for recommendations from the Institute of Medicine. The framework, last updated in 1995, sets food and nutrient standards that must be met by school programs to qualify for cash reimbursements and food from the government.

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Lengthy international travel tied to health problems

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Lengthy international travel tied to health problems

Travel extending beyond 6 months is associated with health risks not usually encountered among short-term travelers, new data indicate.

Issues of most concern for long-term travelers are psychological problems and diseases caused by parasites.

“Few studies have compared the types and causes of illness in travelers on the basis of duration of travel,” Dr. Lin H. Chen, from the Mount Auburn Hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and members of the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network note the journal Emerging Infectious Diseases.

Their study used data from ill travelers who visited GeoSentinel sites — clinics on 6 continents that specialize in travel medicine – from 1996 through 2008. Included in the analysis were 4039 persons who traveled for more than 6 months and for 24,807 who traveled for less than 1 month.

Long-term travelers were significantly more likely than short-term travelers to have a variety of ailments including persistent fatigue, chronic diarrhea, malaria and post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome.

They were also much more likely to come down with leishmaniasis, a disease caused by a parasite transmitted by a tiny sandfly that can lead to severe scarring, and the parasitic worm disease schistosomiasis.

“Many common infections seen in long-term travelers are preventable by vaccines, vector avoidance, food/water precautions, and avoidance of soil and fresh water,” the researchers note.

Psychological diagnoses that were significantly more common in long-term travelers included depression, stress, and fatigue.

“The increased number of missionary/volunteer/research/aid workers with stress was most significant,” the investigators report.

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U.S. report confirms smoking bans cut heart attacks

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U.S. report confirms smoking bans cut heart attacks

Indoor smoking bans lower the risk of heart attack, even among nonsmokers, by reducing exposure to secondhand smoke, a panel of U.S. health experts confirmed in a report on Thursday.

The report, produced by the Institute of Medicine for the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, provides the most definitive evidence to date that laws that ban smoking from workplaces, restaurants and bars can reduce cardiovascular-related health problems where they are imposed.

“Secondhand smoke kills. What this report shows is that smoke-free laws reduce heart attacks in nonsmokers,” said CDC director Dr. Thomas Frieden.

“But still, most of the country lives in areas that don’t have comprehensive smoke-free laws covering all workplaces, all restaurants and all bars,” he said.

The CDC asked the independent Institute of Medicine to review research on smoking bans and secondhand smoke after some studies suggested that banning smoking might significantly reduce heart attacks.

The panel of experts reviewed research including 11 studies of smoking bans in the United States, Canada and Europe showing “remarkable consistency” in the association between bans and reductions in heart attack rates, which in some studies ranged from 6 percent to 47 percent.

“There is a causal relationship … smoking bans decrease the rate of heart attacks,” the panel concluded in its report.

Advocacy groups said they hoped the report would encourage passage of more smoking bans, which the CDC estimates covers about 40 percent of the population.

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