Tag Archives: US

U.S. pre-term babies die despite medical care: study

in.reuters.com

U.S. pre-term babies die despite medical care: study

Very early pre-term babies kept alive with ventilators, chest tubes and drugs to support the heart may live a little longer than they did 10 years ago, but are just as likely to die before ever going home, U.S. researchers reported on Monday.

Their study suggests the emotionally taxing and expensive care given these tiny newborns, delivered at 22 to 24 weeks gestation, does not in the end save their lives. Babies born at 22 weeks included in the study all died as infants, regardless of care.

“This is a very difficult ethical dilemma for everyone involved,” Pamela Donohue of Johns Hopkins Childrens Center in Baltimore, who led the study, said in a telephone interview.

Most pregnancies last about 40 weeks, and babies born earlier than 37 weeks of pregnancy are considered premature.

Donohue’s team studied 160 women who gave birth at 22-24 weeks during separate two-year periods — 1993-1995 and 2001-2003.

Those who gave birth during the current decade were more likely to receive higher-level care around the time of delivery, including sonograms, antibiotics and steroids to help with fetal lung development.

After birth, their children were more likely to be put on ventilators, drugs to boost heart and blood pressure rates and to have chest tubes inserted.

Infants born in 2001-2003 lived longer on average — seven days, compared to two days in the 1990s.

But mortality rates did not fall, and the researchers urged greater discussion and further study both on intervention and the degree of suffering imposed on children, their families and healthcare providers.

Very early pre-term babies kept alive with ventilators, chest tubes and drugs to support the heart may live a little longer than they did 10 years ago, but are just as likely to die before ever going home, U.S. researchers reported on Monday.

Their study suggests the emotionally taxing and expensive care given these tiny newborns, delivered at 22 to 24 weeks gestation, does not in the end save their lives. Babies born at 22 weeks included in the study all died as infants, regardless of care.

“This is a very difficult ethical dilemma for everyone involved,” Pamela Donohue of Johns Hopkins Childrens Center in Baltimore, who led the study, said in a telephone interview.

Most pregnancies last about 40 weeks, and babies born earlier than 37 weeks of pregnancy are considered premature.

Donohue’s team studied 160 women who gave birth at 22-24 weeks during separate two-year periods — 1993-1995 and 2001-2003.

Those who gave birth during the current decade were more likely to receive higher-level care around the time of delivery, including sonograms, antibiotics and steroids to help with fetal lung development.

After birth, their children were more likely to be put on ventilators, drugs to boost heart and blood pressure rates and to have chest tubes inserted.

Infants born in 2001-2003 lived longer on average — seven days, compared to two days in the 1990s.

But mortality rates did not fall, and the researchers urged greater discussion and further study both on intervention and the degree of suffering imposed on children, their families and healthcare providers.

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U.S. court reinstates Alaska smoker case versus Altria

in.reuters.com

U.S. court reinstates Alaska smoker case versus Altria

A U.S. appeals court on Monday reinstated an Alaska lawsuit against Altria Group Inc’s Philip Morris USA by the survivor of a deceased smoker, saying her state product liability claims were not preempted by federal law and should have been tried in state court.

Altria and Philip Morris had argued the state claims could not go forward against them and Alaska Commercial Co, a local retailer, because a victory for plaintiffs Dolores Hunter and the estate of Benjamin G. Francis could result in a ban of cigarette sales in the state.

Francis, a native Alaskan, died at 52 of lung cancer in December of 2004, leaving a 10-year-old son and Hunter, his common law wife, his attorney Don Bauermeister said. Hunter was appointed the personal representative of his estate by a state court.

A lower court agreed the state claims were barred by “congressional intent not to ban the sale of cigarettes” and dismissed the case due to Hunter’s failure to bring a claim under federal law, the opinion by the Ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals said.

But the appeals court ruled that Altria had “failed to establish a clear conflict between Hunter’s claim and federal law” and that U.S. regulatory laws “do not provide strong evidence of a federal policy against more stringent state regulation.”

The court found the case did not belong in federal court and instructed it be remanded to Alaska state court for further proceedings.

Jack Marshall, a spokesman for Philip Morris and Altria, said the companies were disappointed by the appeals court ruling and planned to “defend the case vigorously in state court.”

“It is important to note that the decision addressed only where the case should be tried and does not address the merits of the plaintiff’s claim,” Marshall said.

Bauermeister said his client, Hunter, was “very relieved and excited” about the appeals court ruling that will return the case to the court in the native Alaskan village of Bethel where it was filed. She hopes the lawsuit will “hold (Altria) accountable” not only for Francis’ death, but for high rates of smoking among Alaska’s native peoples, he said.

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