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New flu drug may resist mutations: researchers

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New flu drug may resist mutations: researchers

A new type of experimental flu drug that stops the virus from infecting cells appears to stop it from mutating into drug-resistant forms, researchers reported on Sunday.

Tests in mice and in lab dishes show that NexBio Inc.’s drug Fludase can stop the seasonal influenza virus from infecting cells and can fight strains of virus that have evolved resistance to Tamiflu, Roche AG’s popular influenza drug, the company said.

“Extensive, prolonged nonclinical influenza studies have not shown the development of any meaningful resistance,” the company said in a statement released at the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy in San Francisco.

Privately held NexBio Inc. said tests showed that Fludase, also known as DAS181, worked against the new H1N1 swine flu virus too.

Influenza viruses very quickly change to put up a strong defense against antiviral drugs. Last year the seasonal H1N1 virus developed strong resistance to Tamiflu. Two older flu drugs, amantadine and rimantadine, now have very little effect against influenza viruses.

Tamiflu and a similar drug, GlaxoSmithKline’s Relenza, affect a compound in the flu virus called neuraminadase — which gives flu viruses like H1N1 the “N” in their names.

Fludase affects the human cells that influenza infects, not the virus itself and that should make it less likely to cause the virus to develop resistance, company spokesman Dr. David Wurtman said.

It affects the sialic acid receptor — the molecular doorway that flu viruses use to attach to cells, he said.

“It makes it impossible to spread, so it can’t infect neighboring cells,” Wurtman said in a telephone interview.

Teams at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, University of Hong Kong and Saint Louis University in Missouri ran the experiments, the company said.

“Based on these encouraging data, we are moving forward with our ongoing clinical development of DAS181, and we will continue to work closely with FDA (the U.S. Food and Drug Administration), CDC and NIH (the National Institutes of Health) on this clinical program during the current pandemic,” Dr. Ronald Moss of NexBio, who presented the study, said in a statement.

Health experts predict that new drugs to fight flu will soon be needed, as the virus is mutation prone. Many are in development — furthest along is BioCryst’s peramivir, which would be made and sold in partnership with Japan’s Shionogi.

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Acupuncture eases tamoxifen-related hot flashes

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Acupuncture eases tamoxifen-related hot flashes

“Acupuncture appears to be at least as effective as drug therapy,” Dr. Eleanor M. Walker of Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit and her colleagues report, “and it may provide additional and longer-term benefits without adverse effects.”

Breast cancer patients with estrogen-sensitive tumors are typically given estrogen-blocking drugs for years at a time. These drugs, which include tamoxifen, bring on menopausal symptoms like hot flashes and night sweats.

The antidepressant drug Effexor (venlafaxine) is the standard treatment for these symptoms, Walker and her team note in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, but it can have unpleasant side effects, including dry mouth, nausea, and constipation. Non-drug treatments with few or no side effects are “urgently needed,” they add.

To investigate whether acupuncture might be an option, Walker and her team randomly assigned 25 women to receive Effexor or acupuncture for 12 weeks, following them for up to year after the end of treatment.

The researchers also point out that Effexor could impair the effectiveness of tamoxifen in some patients, because it can block the body’s metabolism of the drug.

Acupuncture, they conclude, is a “safe, effective and durable treatment” for hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms stemming from anti-estrogen hormone therapy in women with breast cancer. They hope this study will “lead to a change in the pattern of practice” of treating these symptoms in patients with breast cancer.

Eighteen women in the Effexor group had side effects, such as dizziness and anxiety, while none of the women given acupuncture had such side effects. About a quarter of the women given acupuncture said their sex drive had increased. “Most women also reported an improvement in their energy, clarity of thought, and sense of well-being,” Walker and her team note.

The researchers also point out that Effexor could impair the effectiveness of tamoxifen in some patients, because it can block the body’s metabolism of the drug.

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No treatment ‘not an option’ for ailing mum

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No treatment ‘not an option’ for ailing mum

Palmerston North’s Tarsh Stanton has run out of free options in her fight against cancer, and is looking for help to get to Melbourne to take part in a potentially lifesaving trial.

Within a year she has gone from being an active mother of two girls to what she describes as a steroid-puffed “blowfish”.

She’s in hospice care but determined to overcome stage four relapsed lung cancer that has spread to other organs.

She’s still working full time as ACC and non-residents co-ordinator at the MidCentral District Health Board, but chemotherapy and radiation treatment have failed to deliver on the 15 to 20 per cent chance of beating the cancer.

Only ever having had a few social puffs on cigarettes years ago, she said her cancer diagnosis came as a shock after what was either a lucky or unlucky cold.

She came home from a school camp at Whakapapa with her daughter Jazmin with an illness that became worse and made breathing difficult. Elder daughter Chelsea took her to the doctor, and the roller-coaster ride began.

Her heart beat was way too slow, and she was transferred to Wellington. She had a heart block that had to be corrected with a pacemaker last September.

X-rays showed shadows that were diagnosed as lung cancer adenosquamous non-small cell carcinoma. She was 36.

She’s had chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which has shrunk the cancer, but not stopped its spread to her other lung and bronchial tube, liver and stomach lining.

Reluctantly agreeing to be referred to the hospice team to fast track the process when she needs help with symptoms, such as the pain caused by the fluid building up between her ribs and lungs, she’s not ready to give up.

“The hospice is where you go to die, and I’m not going there,” she said.

“I’m quite relaxed. It’s not denial. I know what I’ve got, and I’m fully informed.

“I don’t like it much, but I can’t change it, and there’s no point in being sad and unfocused.”

Supported by a group of well-wishers led by her cousin Kelly Retter, Mrs Stanton has researched her options all of which cost money.

“No treatment is not an option.”

Her best hope in New Zealand is the unsubsidised drug Tarceva, which works like a sort of cling wrap encasing and constricting cancer cells, and offers a 40 per cent hope for patients who respond well. It costs about $28,000 a year.

But even more attractive is a phase II clinical trial at the Peter MacCullum Cancer Centre in Melbourne that combines Tarceva with a new biological ingredient that doesn’t even have a name yet.

Although participation is covered by drug company Roche, Mrs Stanton faces travel and accommodation costs for herself and a caregiver to travel to Melbourne for 25 appointments over two years.

Moving to Australia, where Tarceva is subsidised, is not an option.

“I’m a Kiwi. I live here, I work here, and I want to keep working. Time is precious, that’s one of the things this teaches you.

“If you only have so long to live, why would you want to spend it in Australia?”

At the moment Mrs Stanton is back in chemotherapy at Palmerston North Hospital because her cancer is too advanced to do nothing.

But once she gets the all-clear for the trial, she has to be chemo-free for a month before starting.

It’s a balancing act, as she has to be sick enough to qualify, yet well enough to tolerate the travel and treatment.

She’s hoping for Christmas in Palmerston North with husband Darren, and the girls, now aged 13 and 17, but if the trial schedule demands she be in Melbourne, she will be.

It’s a course she’s setting out on full of optimism.

“Eighty-six is my goal. It’s just a good number for sitting back in your rocking chair, drinking vodka.”

Her fundraising team is organising an October concert and a November auction to help pay for the $60,000 travel and expenses bills she’s likely to face.

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